{"id":2778,"date":"2017-03-11T01:34:00","date_gmt":"2017-03-10T22:34:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.celikavukatlik.com.tr\/?p=2778"},"modified":"2017-03-11T01:34:00","modified_gmt":"2017-03-10T22:34:00","slug":"toplu-is-sozlesmesi-ve-hukumleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/celikavukatlik.com\/tr\/toplu-is-sozlesmesi-ve-hukumleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ve H\u00fck\u00fcmleri"},"content":{"rendered":"<strong>G\u0130R\u0130\u015e<\/strong>\n\nToplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi d\u00fczeninin esaslar\u0131 ilk kez 275 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 1963 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesiyle ortaya konmu\u015ftur. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131n konusunu olu\u015fturan toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ise\u00a0 2822 Say\u0131l\u0131 Toplu S\u00f6zle\u015fme Grev ve Lokavt Kanunu\u2019nun 6.maddesinde h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\n\n\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmamda ilk \u00f6nce toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ile ilgili genel bilgi verilmi\u015f ve umumi mukavele ile olan ili\u015fkileri anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f,daha sonra toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin\u00a0 i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri ile olan ili\u015fkileri toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini d\u00fczenleyen 2822 Say\u0131l\u0131\u00a0 TSGLK\u2019n\u0131n\u00a0 6.maddesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde anlat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\n\n<strong>I. TOPLU \u0130\u015e S\u00d6ZLE\u015eMES\u0130N\u0130N H\u00dcK\u00dcMLER\u0130<\/strong>\n\n<strong>A. Genel Olarak<\/strong>\n\nBir hizmet akdinde yer alabilecek t\u00fcm konular kural olarak T\u0130S ile d\u00fczenlenebilir. T\u0130S kollektif bir hukuki d\u00fczenleme getirdi\u011finden hizmet akitlerinin \u00fczerinde ve maddi alanda kanun gibi onlar\u0131 etkileyecek tarzda h\u00fck\u00fcmler i\u00e7erir.[1] Hizmet akdi her i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00f6zelli\u011fine ve i\u015fin niteli\u011fine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fen tarzda hatta i\u015f ili\u015fkisiyle ilgili olmayan (kira, karz, kullanma, sigorta gibi) h\u00fck\u00fcmler i\u00e7erirken i\u015fyerinde kollektif bir d\u00fczen sa\u011flamay\u0131 hedefleyen, objektif ve genel nitelikte h\u00fck\u00fcmler i\u00e7eren T\u0130S\u2019in ise her i\u015f\u00e7i i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler i\u00e7ermesi beklenemez.[2]T\u0130S a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131klanaca\u011f\u0131 gibi bazen i\u015f akitleri \u00fczerinde zorlay\u0131c\u0131 ve ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 bazen de bo\u015fluk doldurucu bir etki yarat\u0131r. Bu etkiler ku\u015fkusuz normatif h\u00fck\u00fcmler yoluyla sa\u011flan\u0131r ve bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler genelde toplu olarak i\u015f\u00e7ilerin daha lehine h\u00fck\u00fcmlerdir.[3]T\u0130S\u2019in normatif h\u00fck\u00fcmleri yan\u0131nda bor\u00e7 do\u011furucu h\u00fck\u00fcmleri yoluyla i\u015f\u00e7i i\u00e7in yararl\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler getirilmesi de m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Yard\u0131m ya da \u00f6zel emekli sand\u0131\u011f\u0131 kurulmas\u0131, kantin, k\u00fct\u00fcphane, klinik, spor ya da dinlenme tesisi kurulmas\u0131 gibi.Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri normatif(d\u00fczenleyici) ve bor\u00e7 do\u011furucu h\u00fck\u00fcmler olmak \u00fczere,iki kategoriye ayr\u0131l\u0131r:\n\n<strong>B.Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin Normatif(D\u00fczenleyici) H\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/strong>\n\nToplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde yer alan, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131, muhtevas\u0131 ve sona ermesi ile ilgili hususlar\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen h\u00fck\u00fcmlere toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin normatif h\u00fck\u00fcmleri denilir. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z TSGLK\u2019n\u0131n 2.maddesinin 1.f\u0131kras\u0131ndaki tan\u0131mdan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 gibi\u00a0 toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin zorunlu unsurlar\u0131ndand\u0131r.[4] Bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131, i\u00e7eri\u011fi veya sona ermesiyle ilgili d\u00fczenleme bulunmayan bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi olarak kabul edilemez.\n<strong>1.\u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin Yap\u0131lmas\u0131na \u0130li\u015fkin H\u00fck\u00fcmler<\/strong>\n\n\u00c7al\u0131\u015fma mevzuat\u0131n\u0131n nispi emredici h\u00fck\u00fcmleri i\u015f\u00e7i lehine olmak kayd\u0131yla taraflarca farkl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde d\u00fczenlenebilir.[5]Kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen oranlardan fazla \u00f6z\u00fcrl\u00fc veya eski h\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, i\u015fyerine i\u015f\u00e7i al\u0131m\u0131nda daha \u00f6nceden o i\u015fyerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p ayr\u0131lanlara \u00f6ncelik verme i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin normatif h\u00fck\u00fcmlere \u00f6rnek olarak verilebilir.[6]\n\n<strong>2.\u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fine \u0130li\u015fkin H\u00fck\u00fcmler<\/strong>\n\nToplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin ba\u015fta gelen h\u00fck\u00fcmleri hizmet akitlerine dair i\u00e7erik normlar\u0131d\u0131r.[7]\u00d6rne\u011fin,\u00fccret,prim ve ikramiye art\u0131\u015flar\u0131,ek sosyal yard\u0131mlar(yemek,ta\u015f\u0131ma gibi),\u00fccretli izin s\u00fcrelerinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi h\u00fck\u00fcmler bu kategoride yer al\u0131r.[8]\n\n<strong>3.\u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin Sona Ermesine \u0130li\u015fkin H\u00fck\u00fcmler<\/strong>\n\n\u0130\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin sona ermesinin d\u00fczenlenmesi,\u00f6rne\u011fin fesih bildirim s\u00fcrelerinin art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131,bel\u0131rl\u0131 \u015fartlarla m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.Taraflar,i\u015fverenin fesih hakk\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlayan h\u00fck\u00fcmler koyabilirler.\u00d6rne\u011fin,i\u015f g\u00fcvencesi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulama alan\u0131 geni\u015fletilebilir.(9.HD,26.5.2005,12317\/19404,www.kazanci.com :Burada toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesiyle i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n i\u015f g\u00fcvencesi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.Benzer y\u00f6nde:9.HD,22.2.2010,4905\/4260,www.kazanci.com :Fesih tarihinde 13 i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken,o tarihte y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olan toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine g\u00f6re sendika \u00fcyesi i\u015f\u00e7iler i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131na ve i\u015f\u00e7inin k\u0131demine bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n i\u015f g\u00fcvencesi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden yararlanacaklard\u0131r.Ayr\u0131ca bkz.:9.HD,22.12.2008,www.kazanci.com:Yap\u0131lan toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesiyle \u0130\u015f K m.18 vd.h\u00fck\u00fcmleri kapsam\u0131na al\u0131nan u\u00e7u\u015f personeli,bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler uyar\u0131nca \u0130\u015f Mahkemesinde i\u015fe iade davas\u0131 a\u00e7abilmektedir.)\n\n<strong>C.Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin Bor\u00e7 Do\u011furucu H\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/strong>\n\n<strong>1.\u0130\u015f Bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Borcu<\/strong>\n\nTaraflar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 hak ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyen h\u00fck\u00fcmler aras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yer verilmese bile her toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi dirlik borcunu i\u00e7erir.(SUR,s.247.)Toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin iyi niyet kurallar\u0131na uygun \u015fekilde yerine getirilmesi,toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi s\u00fcresi boyunca i\u015f bar\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131,T\u00fcrk toplu i\u015f hukukunun temel ilkelerindendir.Nitekim sistemimizde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte bir toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi varken bir ikincisinin yap\u0131l\u0131p y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir(TSGLK m.3\/son f\u0131kra).\n\n<strong>2.Di\u011fer Bor\u00e7 \u0130li\u015fkisi H\u00fck\u00fcmleri<\/strong>\n\nToplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin uygulanmas\u0131 ve denetlenmesine dair kay\u0131tlar bor\u00e7 ili\u015fkisi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri kategorisinde yer al\u0131r.\u00d6rne\u011fin,sendikan\u0131n hukuki sorumlulu\u011fu,toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin yorumu,tahkim \u015fart\u0131(\u00f6zel hakeme gidilmesinin \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmesi)tipik bor\u00e7 do\u011furucu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerdir.Belirtmeli ki,i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ki\u015fisel haklar\u0131na ili\u015fkin toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fmelere tahkim kayd\u0131 konulmas\u0131 yerle\u015fmi\u015f i\u00e7tihatlara g\u00f6re i\u015f\u00e7iyi ba\u011flamaz.(HGK,10.11.1965,9-643\/405,www.kazanci.com;9.HD,26.6.1970,6739\/6972,www.kazanci.com;9.HD,7.5.1970,4038\/4615,www.kazanci.com)Anayasa Mahkemesi,bu t\u00fcr tahkim kay\u0131tlar\u0131 konulmas\u0131na imkan tan\u0131yan i\u015f g\u00fcvencesine ili\u015fkin \u0130\u015f K m.20\/1\u2019deki h\u00fckm\u00fc,i\u015f\u00e7ilerin yarg\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde hak arama \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne zarar verece\u011fi temel gerek\u00e7esiyle iptal etmi\u015ftir.(Anayasa Mahkemesinin 19.10.2005 tarihli karar\u0131,RG 24 Kas\u0131m 2007,S.26710.)\n\nSendikan\u0131n i\u015fyerindeki faaliyetine ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemeler de taraflar aras\u0131nda bor\u00e7 ili\u015fkisi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden say\u0131larak,sendika temsilcilerinin faaliyetleri,odalar,toplant\u0131lar\u0131,se\u00e7imlerine ayr\u0131lan s\u00fcreler,ilan tahtalar\u0131,hstts disiplin kururlunun olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 da bu kategoriye dahil edilmektedir.(SUR,s.248.)\n\n<strong>II. TOPLU \u0130\u015e S\u00d6ZLE\u015eMES\u0130N\u0130N UMUM\u0130 MUKAVELE \u0130LE OLAN \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130LER\u0130<\/strong>\n\n<strong>\u00a0A. Genel Olarak<\/strong>\n\n275 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 1963 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesiyle toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi d\u00fczeninin esaslar\u0131 ilk kez geni\u015f bi\u00e7imde ortaya konulmu\u015ftur.\u00a0 Ancak mevzuat\u0131m\u0131zda bu d\u00fczen ile ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmler eskiden beri vard\u0131.[9] Nitekim, 818 Say\u0131l\u0131 Bor\u00e7lar Kanununun 316. ve 317. maddelerinde \u201cUmumi Mukavele\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nda\u00a0 toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi benzeri bir kurum\u00a0 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.[10]\n\nBor\u00e7lar Kanununun 316. ve 317. maddelerinde d\u00fczenlenen umumi mukavele i\u015fveren say\u0131lan kimseler ya da dernekleriyle, i\u015f\u00e7iler ya da dernekleri aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma hayat\u0131na ili\u015fkin konular\u0131, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 hak ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7eren yaz\u0131l\u0131 bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmedir.\n\nS\u00f6zle\u015fmenin i\u015fveren taraf\u0131 tek bir i\u015fveren olabilece\u011fi gibi birlikte hareket eden birden fazla i\u015fveren, i\u015fveren sendikas\u0131 hatta bir dernek ya da \u015firket de olabilir. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i taraf\u0131 ise bir i\u015f\u00e7i sendikas\u0131 veya derne\u011fi olabilece\u011fi gibi fiili bir i\u015f\u00e7i toplulu\u011fu da olabilir.\n\n<strong>B. T\u0130S\u2019in Umumi Mukaveleden Ayr\u0131lmas\u0131<\/strong>\n\nBK. md. 317 hizmet akitlerinin umumi mukaveleye ayk\u0131r\u0131 olan h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin bat\u0131l oldu\u011funu, bat\u0131l h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin yerini umumi mukavele h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f olmakla umumi mukavelenin hizmet akitleri \u00fczerinde bir yere sahip oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir. Umumi mukavele bu g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcyle T\u0130S\u2019e benzemekle beraber sendika d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki kurulu\u015flara (dernek, vak\u0131f, \u015firket vs.) hatta fiili i\u015f\u00e7i topluluklar\u0131na da tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve i\u015f kanunlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde yer almam\u0131\u015f olmakla T\u0130S\u2019den ayr\u0131l\u0131r.[11]Fakat sendikac\u0131l\u0131k ve toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fme d\u00fczeni 1963 y\u0131l\u0131nda 274 ve 275 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunlarla yeni esaslara ba\u011flan\u0131rken Bor\u00e7lar Kanununun 316. ve 317. maddelerine dokunulmam\u0131\u015f, Anayasan\u0131n toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fme hakk\u0131n\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilere tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131narak, fiili i\u015f\u00e7i toplulu\u011funa da tan\u0131nan umumi mukavele yolunun a\u00e7\u0131k bulundurulmas\u0131 ile Anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmi\u015f olaca\u011f\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi-umumi mukavele ikili\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, bunlar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerin d\u00fczenlenmesi yoluna gidilmi\u015f ve 275 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunda, toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fck tan\u0131narak toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin kapsam\u0131nda bulunan i\u015fyerlerinde uygulanan umumi mukavele h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin yerini alaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015fti (m.3\/2). 2822 say\u0131l\u0131 Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi Grev ve Lokavt Kanunu ile umumi mukaveleye ili\u015fkin Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu h\u00fck\u00fcmleri kald\u0131r\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile umumi mukavele ili\u015fkilerini d\u00fczenleyen h\u00fckme ise yer verilmemi\u015ftir.[12]\u00d6\u011fretide baz\u0131 yazarlar bir yandan bu suskunluk (Yasakoyucunun T\u0130S\u2019i \u00f6zel olarak d\u00fczenledi\u011fine g\u00f6re art\u0131k umumi mukaveleye ihtiya\u00e7 kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fu)bir yandan da uygulamada umumi mukaveleye pek ba\u015fvurulmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle umumi mukavelenin z\u0131mnen m\u00fclga oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir.[13]Ancak benim de\u00a0 kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131m bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn aksine umumi mukavele yapmak olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc kabul etmek gerekir.\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc BK.316 ve 317 h\u00fck\u00fcmleri y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte oldu\u011fu gibi bug\u00fcn umumi mukavele yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen bir mevzuat h\u00fckm\u00fc de bulunmamaktad\u0131r.[14]\n\nYukar\u0131da da a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi 818 Say\u0131l\u0131 Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu 316. ve 317. Maddelerinde T\u0130S benzeri bir kurum olan umumi mukaveleye ili\u015fkin bir d\u00fczenlemeye yer vermi\u015fken 6098 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u00a0T\u00fcrk Bor\u00e7lar Kanunu\u2019nda umumi mukaveleye ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemeler kald\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\n\n<strong>III. TOPLU \u0130\u015e S\u00d6ZLE\u015eMES\u0130N\u0130N \u0130\u015e S\u00d6ZLE\u015eMES\u0130 \u0130LE OLAN \u0130L\u0130\u015eK\u0130LER\u0130<\/strong>\n\n<strong>A. \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesine Ayk\u0131r\u0131 Olamamas\u0131<\/strong>\n\n<strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1. Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin Normatif H\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin Niteli\u011fi ve Yorumu<\/strong>\n\n<strong>a. Niteli\u011fi<\/strong>\n\n2822 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 6. maddesinin ilk f\u0131kras\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re,\u2019Toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde aksi belirtilmedik\u00e7e hizmet akitleri toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz. Hizmet akitlerinin toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin yerini, toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesindeki h\u00fck\u00fcmler al\u0131r.\u2019Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler Kanunun 2.maddesinin ilk f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan, toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin hizmet akdi (i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi) ile ilgili normatif h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin etkilerini d\u00fczenlemektedir.[15] Bu d\u00fczenlemelerle Anayasan\u0131n toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi taraflar\u0131na tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131, yasa koyucu gibi emredici hukuk kurallar\u0131 koyabilme \u00f6zerkli\u011fine uygun olarak, toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin normatif k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerini, kanun gibi do\u011frudan do\u011fruya ve emredici (zorlay\u0131c\u0131) olarak etkilemesi esas\u0131 ortaya konulmaktad\u0131r.[16]Yarg\u0131tay da, toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin normatif h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin, Alman Hukukundaki gibi, objektif hukuk kurallar\u0131 ve maddi anlamda yasa h\u00fck\u00fcmleri niteli\u011finde olduklar\u0131n\u0131 kabul etmi\u015ftir.[17]\n\n<strong>b.Yorumu<\/strong>\n\nS\u00f6zle\u015fmenin normatif-bor\u00e7 do\u011furucu h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ay\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin yorumunda esas al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin bor\u00e7 do\u011furucu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin Bor\u00e7lar Kanununun 18.maddesindeki yorum kural\u0131na tabi olaca\u011f\u0131 ku\u015fkusuzdur. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, normatif h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin yorumunda bunlar\u0131n yukar\u0131da belirtilen niteli\u011finin g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurulmas\u0131 gerekir.[18]\n\n<strong>2. Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin Normatif H\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesine Do\u011frudan Do\u011fruya Ve Emredici Etkisi<\/strong>\n\nToplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin emredici ve do\u011frudan etkisi <em>TSGLK m. 6\/1\u2019de \u015f\u00f6yle ifade edilmektedir: Toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde aksi belirtilmedik\u00e7e hizmet akitleri toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamaz.\u2019Hizmet akitlerinin toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin yerini toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesindeki h\u00fck\u00fcmler al\u0131r. Hizmet akitlerinde d\u00fczenlenmeyen hususlarda toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulan\u0131r. <\/em>B\u00f6ylece T\u0130S\u2019in normatif h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, kapsama giren i\u015f akitleri \u00fczerinde genel ve objektif hukuk normu gibi bir etki g\u00f6sterir. Maddenin ilk f\u0131kras\u0131nda birinci c\u00fcmle zorlay\u0131c\u0131 (emredici) etkiyi, ikinci c\u00fcmle ise do\u011frudan do\u011fruya etkiyi ifade eder.[19]Zorlay\u0131c\u0131 etki T\u0130S kapsam\u0131na giren hizmet akitlerinde T\u0130S\u2019le \u00e7eli\u015fen h\u00fck\u00fcmler getirilmesini yasaklar. Do\u011frudan do\u011fruya etki ise \u0130\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi taraflar\u0131n\u0131n ayr\u0131ca anla\u015fmalar\u0131na gerek kalmadan, toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi kapsam\u0131na giren i\u015f\u00e7ilerin i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin normatif h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinden do\u011frudan do\u011fruya (otomatik olarak) etkilenmesidir.[20]Yasan\u0131n bu d\u00fczenlemesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda doktrinde genellikle iki t\u00fcrl\u00fc etkinin birbirlerini tamamlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kabul edilir[21]Ancak bunlardan yaln\u0131z biri de s\u00f6z konusu olabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin hizmet akdinin T\u0130S\u2019e ayk\u0131r\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmler ta\u015f\u0131mamas\u0131 halinde yaln\u0131zca do\u011frudan do\u011fruya etki s\u00f6z konusu olabilir. Ya da bunun tam tersi T\u0130S\u2019in hizmet akdinin konusuna ili\u015fkin baz\u0131 yasaklar\u0131(tatillerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma yasa\u011f\u0131,hakl\u0131 nedensiz i\u015f\u00e7i \u00e7\u0131karma yasa\u011f\u0131)i\u00e7ermesi halinde sadece zorlay\u0131c\u0131 etki s\u00f6z konusu olur.[22]\n\nKanunda, normatif h\u00fck\u00fcmlere ayk\u0131r\u0131 i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u00a0 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn butlan\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in, bat\u0131l oldu\u011funu ifade etmekten ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesindeki s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ayk\u0131r\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin yerini toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin alaca\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir (m.6\/1). Bu durumda, Bor\u00e7lar Kanununun 20. maddesindeki genel kural uyar\u0131nca, s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle bat\u0131l say\u0131lacak h\u00fck\u00fcmler olmaks\u0131z\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul edildi\u011fi hallerde s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn bat\u0131l say\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 sonucuna var\u0131lacakt\u0131r.[23]B\u00f6ylece, \u00f6\u011fretide, i\u015f\u00e7iyi koruma, onu i\u015finden etmeme, d\u00fczeni m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca bozmama gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerle belirtilen hallerde i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn bat\u0131l olmas\u0131 yerine k\u0131smi h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fck esas\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015f bulunmaktad\u0131r.[24] Yarg\u0131tay\u2019a g\u00f6re, toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin k\u0131smi h\u00fck\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc her zaman her ilgili taraf\u0131ndan ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclebilir. Bu, tespit davas\u0131 \u015feklinde olabilece\u011fi gibi, eda davas\u0131na da konu olu\u015fturabilir.[25]\n\n<strong>B. \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesindeki Bo\u015fluklara Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin Uygulanmas\u0131<\/strong>\n\n2822 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 6. maddesindeki ilk f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer verilen ba\u015fka bir h\u00fck\u00fcmle, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde d\u00fczenlenmeyen hususlarda toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesindeki h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin uygulanmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bu h\u00fck\u00fcm, ayn\u0131 f\u0131krada d\u00fczenlenen ve yukar\u0131da belirtilen h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin ortaya koydu\u011fu toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin do\u011frudan do\u011fruya ve emredici etkisinin do\u011fal bir sonucudur.\n\n<strong>C. \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Yarar\u0131na Olan H\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin Ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi<\/strong>\n\n<strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 1. Yasal D\u00fczenleme ve Anlam\u0131<\/strong>\n\n2822 say\u0131l\u0131 kanunun 6.maddesinin ikinci f\u0131kras\u0131na g\u00f6re, toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin bulunmas\u0131 halinde i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin i\u015f\u00e7i lehindeki h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ge\u00e7erlidir. Kanunun eskisine g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fik olan bu h\u00fckm\u00fcyle,6.maddenin ilk f\u0131kras\u0131ndaki, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinin toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 olamayaca\u011f\u0131 ve ayk\u0131r\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin yerini toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesindeki h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin alaca\u011f\u0131 kural\u0131n\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7i yarar\u0131na olan konularda i\u015flemeyece\u011fi anlat\u0131lmak istenmektedir.[26]Bu d\u00fczenlemeye g\u00f6re i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri T\u0130S\u2019e ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmakla beraber i\u015f\u00e7i yarar\u0131na olan h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ge\u00e7erli olmaya devam edecektir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc T\u0130S\u2019in asgari ko\u015fullar i\u00e7erdi\u011fi i\u015f akitleri ile i\u015f\u00e7inin daha lehine h\u00fck\u00fcmler getirebilece\u011fi kabul edilir.T\u0130S\u2019in koruyucu niteli\u011fi i\u015f\u00e7inin aleyhine olan ko\u015fullar\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc engellerken lehe olan i\u015f akdi ko\u015fullar\u0131na da ya\u015fama \u015fans\u0131 verilmelidir.[27]Doktrinde yararl\u0131l\u0131k ilkesi denilen bu ilke ile i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131n\u0131n korunmas\u0131 amac\u0131 g\u00fcd\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kabul edilir.[28]Di\u011fer bir ifade ile yararl\u0131l\u0131k ilkesi T\u0130S \u00f6zerkli\u011fi ile i\u015f\u00e7inin s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi d\u00fczenlemekte ve T\u0130S h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin emredici niteli\u011fini s\u0131n\u0131rlamaktad\u0131r.[29] Ancak yararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n tespiti her zaman kolay olmamakta ve toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda s\u00f6z konusu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin tek tek ele al\u0131n\u0131p de\u011ferlendirilmesi olana\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlar i\u00e7in Alman hukukunda daha kapsaml\u0131 y\u00f6ntemlere ba\u015fvurulmaktad\u0131r.[30]Eskiden i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesindeki t\u00fcm h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesindeki d\u00fczenlemeler ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilmekte iken, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde konu ile ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin grup olarak kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n uygun oldu\u011fu kabul edilmektedir.[31]Yararl\u0131l\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131rken kullan\u0131lacak bir ba\u015fka \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fc de objektiflik k\u0131stas\u0131d\u0131r.[32]Yak\u0131n zamana kadar \u00f6zellikle Alman Hukukunda yararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n belirlenmesinde s\u00fcbjektif kriterlerin g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutulmas\u0131 fikri benimsenmi\u015f ise de g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde yararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n her i\u015f\u00e7inin bireysel \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na g\u00f6re fakat objektif \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fclere g\u00f6re tespiti esas\u0131 a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[33]\u00d6rne\u011fin, izinden \u00e7ok paraya ihtiya\u00e7 duysa bile y\u00fcksek \u00fccretli k\u0131sa izin ya da i\u015f bulman\u0131n kolay oldu\u011fu bir sekt\u00f6rde uzun ihbar \u00f6nelleri i\u00e7eren bir i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi i\u015f\u00e7inin lehine de\u011fil aleyhine bir d\u00fczenlemedir.[34]\n\nYarg\u0131tay\u2019a g\u00f6re, i\u015fyerinde i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ve toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ikileminin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 halinde i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine dayanarak istedi\u011fi haklar ya da benzerleri toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde de d\u00fczenlenmi\u015fse, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde bunlardan sadece i\u015f\u00e7i yarar\u0131na olan\u0131n\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131, di\u011ferinin uygulanmamas\u0131 veya aradaki farka h\u00fckmedilmesi gerekir. Herhalde ikisi birden uygulanamaz.[35]\n\n<strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2. \u0130lkenin Konulma Amac\u0131<\/strong>\n\n\u0130lkenin esas\u0131, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri ile i\u015f\u00e7iye toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131 hak ve menfaatlerin sa\u011flanabilmesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesine dayan\u0131r.[36]Ger\u00e7ekten, toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile sendika i\u015f\u00e7iye bir\u00e7ok yarar sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin koruyucu niteli\u011fi i\u015f\u00e7i yarar\u0131na olmayan ko\u015fullar\u0131n kabul edilmesini engellemektedir. Ancak, bazen, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleriyle baz\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7iler bir\u00e7ok konuda daha \u00e7ok yarar elde etmi\u015f veya edebilecek durumda olabilirler. B\u00f6yle bir olana\u011f\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesini \u00f6nlememek i\u00e7in bu ilkenin konulmas\u0131 gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.[37]\n\n<strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3. \u0130lkenin Uygulama Zaman\u0131<\/strong>\n\nKayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Alman ve \u0130svi\u00e7re Hukuklar\u0131nda bulan yararl\u0131l\u0131k ilkesini d\u00fczenleyen h\u00fckm\u00fcn emredici oldu\u011fu kabul edilir.[38]O halde T\u0130S\u2019de bu ilkeyi etkisiz k\u0131lan bir h\u00fckme yer verilmesine izin verilmez. Bu nedenle \u0130\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesindeki i\u015f\u00e7i yarar\u0131na h\u00fckm\u00fcn ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi ilkesinin uygulanmas\u0131nda, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinden \u00f6nce veya sonra yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemi yoktur. \u015eu halde, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin var olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamanda veya eski s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc s\u0131ras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan bir i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesindeki i\u015f\u00e7i yarar\u0131na h\u00fck\u00fcmle, yeni s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden sonra yap\u0131lan bir i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesindeki i\u015f\u00e7i yarar\u0131na h\u00fck\u00fcm hukuken ayn\u0131 de\u011ferde ve niteliktedir.[39]\n\n<strong>\u00a0D. \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilere Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin \u00dcst\u00fcnde Haklar Sa\u011flanmas\u0131<\/strong>\n\nYararl\u0131l\u0131k ilkesi i\u015fverene T\u0130S \u00fcst\u00fcnde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 sa\u011flama borcu y\u00fcklememektedir. Bu ilke ile i\u015f\u00e7inin sadece daha lehine bir durum elde etmesi i\u00e7in bir olanak tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f olmaktad\u0131r.[40]Bunun kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi taraflar\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.[41]Ayr\u0131ca i\u015fveren tek tarafl\u0131 olarak da i\u015f\u00e7ilere toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin \u00fcst\u00fcnde menfaat sa\u011flayan uygulamalar yapabilir.[42]T\u0130S\u2019in asgari \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 ihtiva etti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcl\u00fcrse i\u015f akdi taraflar\u0131 i\u00e7in T\u0130S \u00fcst\u00fcnde i\u015f\u00e7iye haklar tan\u0131nmas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme serbestisi ilkesinin do\u011fal bir sonucudur[43]\n\nHer ne kadar T\u0130S \u00fcst\u00fcnde sa\u011flanacak haklar geni\u015f bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131 yelpazesi olu\u015ftursa da bir yandan T\u0130S\u2019in d\u00fczen fonksiyonu (Sendikalar Kanununun 31.maddesinin d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fin bu esasa uygun oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.) \u00f6te yandan i\u015fverenin i\u015f\u00e7iye e\u015fit davranma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bu serbestinin parasal haklar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalan alanlarda uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamaktad\u0131r. (Kar\u015f.SenK.md.31\/4) \u0130\u015f\u00e7inin &#8221; \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na veya liyakatine g\u00f6re T\u0130S \u00fcst\u00fcnde bir \u00fccret sistemi uygulamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. B\u00f6ylece, s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin d\u00fczeni sa\u011flama fonksiyonuna dayanan i\u015f\u00e7ilere e\u015fit i\u015flem yap\u0131lmas\u0131 esas\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kabiliyeti ve liyakat\u0131 gibi baz\u0131 nitelikler nedeniyle \u00fccret konusunda s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmaktad\u0131r[44]\n\n<strong>E.Sona Eren Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin Etkisi<\/strong>\n\n<strong>1. Genel Olarak<\/strong>\n\n2822 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun eski kanundan de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek al\u0131nan 6.maddesinin son f\u0131kras\u0131nda, her ne sebeple olursa olsun sona eren toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin hizmet akdine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, yenisi y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girinceye kadar hizmet akdi h\u00fckm\u00fc olarak devam eder denilmektedir. Bu yasal d\u00fczenlemenin getirilme nedeni Toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin sona ermesinden sonra, yeni bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin yap\u0131lmas\u0131na kadar ge\u00e7en toplu s\u00f6zle\u015fmesiz d\u00f6nemde \u00e7\u0131kabilecek uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klar\u0131 gidermek, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6ncesindeki daha aleyhe olan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131yla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek[45] ve s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile kazand\u0131klar\u0131 durumun s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7indir.[46]\n\nToplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin etkisini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesine ili\u015fkin yasal d\u00fczenleme bir ge\u00e7i\u015f h\u00fckm\u00fc niteli\u011finde bulunmakta ve sadece i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015fverence yap\u0131lacak tek tarafl\u0131 bir de\u011fi\u015fiklikten zarar g\u00f6rmesini \u00f6nleyici de\u011fil, d\u00fczenin istikrars\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan i\u015fverenin s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131ya d\u00fc\u015fmesini engelleyici, taraflar\u0131n yeni s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi yaparken \u00fczerlerinde zaman\u0131n uzamas\u0131ndan do\u011fabilecek bir bask\u0131y\u0131 da ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 yararlar sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.[47]\n\n<strong>2. Sona Eren Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin Etki Alan\u0131<\/strong>\n\n<strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 a. \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan<\/strong>\n\nKanunun 6. maddesindeki konuya ili\u015fkin son f\u0131krada, toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin sona ermesi halinde i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ili\u015fkin s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin yenisi yap\u0131l\u0131ncaya kadar ge\u00e7erli olaca\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6z\u00fc ile yetinilmemekte, bunlar\u0131n i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi h\u00fckm\u00fc olarak devam edece\u011fi hususu da belirtilmektedir. Toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin sona ermesiyle normatif h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin emredici etkisinin son bulaca\u011f\u0131 ve bunun sonucu olarak sadece s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sona ermesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda var olan i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerini etkileyece\u011fi, sonradan yap\u0131lanlar\u0131 ise etkilemeyece\u011fi kabul olunmal\u0131d\u0131r.[48] S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi olarak devam\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden yararlanma olarak nitelenemeyece\u011finden, s\u00f6z konusu etkinin s\u00fcrmesi i\u00e7in i\u015f\u00e7inin herhangi bir aidat \u00f6deme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc yoktur.[49]\n\n<strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 b. Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi H\u00fck\u00fcmleri Bak\u0131m\u0131ndan<\/strong>\n\nKanunda, toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin, yenisi y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girinceye kadar i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi h\u00fckm\u00fc olarak devam edece\u011fi yaz\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece kanunda, sona eren toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin etkisinin hangi h\u00fck\u00fcmler ile ilgili oldu\u011fu belirtilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.[50]Kanunun bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fc T\u0130S h\u00fck\u00fcmlerindeki ay\u0131r\u0131m\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne alarak de\u011ferlendirmek gerekir.[51]Buna g\u00f6re T\u0130S sona erdikten sonra i\u015f akdi h\u00fckm\u00fc olarak devam edecek olan h\u00fck\u00fcmleri normatif nitelikteki h\u00fck\u00fcmler olup, T\u0130S\u2019in taraflar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bor\u00e7 do\u011furucu h\u00fck\u00fcmler T\u0130S\u2019in sona ermesiyle birlikte ortadan kalkar.[52]Yarg\u0131tay da ayn\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fte olup bir karar\u0131nda, k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131na ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemenin s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin normatif h\u00fck\u00fcmleri aras\u0131nda yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ayr\u0131ca yeni toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131na kadar y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte kalacak s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin normatif nitelikler oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir.[53]\u015eu kadar ki,i\u015f akdi h\u00fckm\u00fc olarak devam edecek normatif h\u00fck\u00fcmler sadece i\u015f akdinin muhtevas\u0131 ve sona ermesi ile ilgili h\u00fck\u00fcmler olup i\u015f akdinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler T\u0130S\u2019in bitimi ile sona erer.[54]Zira toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi, i\u015f akdinin \u00fcst\u00fcnde yer alan ve onu zorlay\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcce sahip hukuk kayna\u011f\u0131 olma \u00f6zelli\u011fini kaybetmekte ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin normatif h\u00fck\u00fcmleri taraflar\u0131n \u00fczerinde serbest\u00e7e d\u00fczenlemede bulunabilecekleri i\u015f akdi haline gelmektedir.[55]\n\n<strong>3. Sona Eren Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin Etkileme S\u00fcresi<\/strong>\n\nKanunda yer alan, sona eren toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesine ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi h\u00fckm\u00fc olarak yenisi y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girinceye kadar devam edece\u011fi ifadesinden de anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere, bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler yeni toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131yla sona erecektir. Ancak, Yarg\u0131tayca belirtildi\u011fi gibi, s\u00fcresi sona eren toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin devam\u0131, yeni s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn imza tarihinden \u00f6nceye al\u0131nmas\u0131 halinde imza tarihine kadar de\u011fil, yenisinin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konulu\u015f tarihine kadard\u0131r.[56]Belirtelim ki, yeni s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin uzun bir s\u00fcre yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, sona eren s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin etkileme g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ortadan kald\u0131rmaz.[57]Bu sonu\u00e7 hakkaniyete ayk\u0131r\u0131 bulunmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Zira, kanununun belirtilen ifadesinden eski s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin mutlak olarak yeni bir toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girinceye kadar uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 sonucu \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamaz. S\u00f6zle\u015fmenin sona ermesinden sonra i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi taraflar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ko\u015fullar\u0131nda her t\u00fcrl\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yapabileceklerini kabul etmek gerekir. Kanundaki eski s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin bitiminden sonra i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi h\u00fckm\u00fc olarak devam edece\u011fine ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenleme bu sonuca varmay\u0131 gerekli k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Benim de kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131m bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn sonucu olarak, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi taraflar\u0131 aralar\u0131nda anla\u015fmak suretiyle i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi niteli\u011fini kazanan eski s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini i\u015f\u00e7inin lehine veya aleyhine de\u011fi\u015ftirebilecek veya kald\u0131rabileceklerdir.[58]\n\nBurada belirtilmesi gereken di\u011fer \u00f6nemli bir husus da toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesiyle kabul edilen haklar\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn s\u00f6zle\u015fme s\u00fcresinin bitiminden sonra i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi olarak devam edip edemeyece\u011fidir. Toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin sonraya etkili olmas\u0131 mutlak bir \u015fekilde kabul edilemez.[59] E\u011fer toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan baz\u0131 haklar s\u00f6zle\u015fmede belirli bir s\u00fcreye veya tarihe ba\u011fl\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131nmam\u0131\u015fsa,o halde bunlar s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin bitiminden sonra,i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi h\u00fckm\u00fc olarak uygulanmaya devam edebilecektir.Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k,uygulanmas\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmede belirli bir s\u00fcre ya da tarih ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan haklar\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011fu durumlarda toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin bu s\u0131n\u0131rlamay\u0131 a\u015facak bi\u00e7imde sonraya etkili oldu\u011fu sonucuna var\u0131lamaz.(Yarg.9HD,19.1.2010,E.2009\/48194 K www.kazanci.com 13.04.2012)\n\n<strong>F. Eski Ve Yeni Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri \u0130li\u015fkileri<\/strong>\n\nHer yeni toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin eskisinden ayr\u0131 olarak ele al\u0131nmas\u0131 yolunda g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Alman hukukunda art\u0131k yayg\u0131n hale gelmi\u015f olan g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re, eski s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile belirli bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7in kabul edilen d\u00fczen yeni s\u00f6zle\u015fme ile yerini yenisine terk etmektedir.[60]De\u011fi\u015fen ko\u015fullar\u0131n gerektirdi\u011fi yeni d\u00fczeni olu\u015fturan h\u00fck\u00fcmler, bunlar\u0131n eski s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye g\u00f6re i\u015f\u00e7i yarar\u0131na olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131lmadan, t\u00fcm\u00fcyle uygulamaya konulur.[61]\n\nAlman hukukunda ortaya at\u0131lan farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler taraf\u0131ndan var\u0131lan benim de kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131m g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn ortak sonucu hukukumuz i\u00e7in de benimsenebilir niteliktedir.[62]Kanundaki i\u015f\u00e7iye yararl\u0131l\u0131k ilkesine ili\u015fkin h\u00fckm\u00fcn (TSGLK, m 6\/2) sadece toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi ile i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerde uygulanaca\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r.[63]Bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn eski ile yeni toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkilerde de ge\u00e7erli olaca\u011f\u0131 yolunda bir h\u00fckme kanunda yer verilmi\u015f de\u011fildir.[64]Ayr\u0131ca, Kanunun, yeni s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesine kadar eski s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin devam edece\u011fi yolundaki h\u00fckm\u00fc(m.6\/son)yeni s\u00f6zle\u015fme y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girince eskisinin art\u0131k ge\u00e7ersiz say\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kan\u0131tlamaktad\u0131r.[65]Yarg\u0131tay\u2019a g\u00f6re de, d\u00fczen ilkesi uyar\u0131nca toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri ile baz\u0131 haklar\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesi veya kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olup kazan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f hak ilkesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesiyle davac\u0131, sonraki toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmeyen veya azalt\u0131lan haklar\u0131 veya farklar\u0131n\u0131 isteyemez.[66]\n\n<strong>IV. B\u0130R TOPLU \u0130\u015e S\u00d6ZLE\u015eMES\u0130 VARKEN \u0130K\u0130NC\u0130 B\u0130R S\u00d6ZLE\u015eMEN\u0130N YAPILAMAMASI VE UYGULANAMAMASI<\/strong>\n\nAnayasada yer alan (m.53\/3) ve 2822 Say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunda\u00a0 da tekrarlanan h\u00fckme g\u00f6re (m.3\/son) bir i\u015fyerinde ayn\u0131 d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in birden fazla T\u0130S yap\u0131lamaz ve uygulanamaz.Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmle T\u0130S\u2019lerin \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131,i\u015fyerlerinde T\u0130S\u2019nin uygulanmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131klar \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 \u00f6nlenmi\u015f olmaktad\u0131r.[67]\n\nAyn\u0131 i\u015fyerinde ikinci bir s\u00f6zle\u015fmenin y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6ncekinin sona ermesi beklenir. Nitekim T\u0130S\u2019in s\u00fcresinin bitmesinden \u00f6nceki 120 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde yeni s\u00f6zle\u015fme i\u00e7in yetki i\u015flemlerine ba\u015flanabilir. Fakat yap\u0131lacak T\u0130S \u00f6nceki s\u00f6zle\u015fme sona ermedik\u00e7e y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giremez (T\u0130SGLK,m.7\/3).\n\n<strong>KAYNAK\u00c7A<\/strong>\n\n<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\n<ul>\n \t<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n \t<li><strong>AKTAY, A. N\u0130ZAMETT\u0130N \/ ARICI, KAD\u0130R \/ SENYEN-KAPLAN, E. TUNCAY,<\/strong> \u2018<em>\u0130\u015f Hukuku\u2019<\/em>, Yenilenmi\u015f 4. Bas\u0131, Eyl\u00fcl \u2013 2011 Ankara, Gazi Kitabevi.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>\u00c7EL\u0130K Nuri<\/strong>, \u2018<em>\u0130\u015f Hukuku Dersleri<\/em>\u2019, 24. Bas\u0131, \u0130stanbul 2011.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>EKMEK\u00c7\u0130 \u00d6mer<\/strong>, \u2018<em>Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesiyle D\u00fczenleme Yetkisi,<\/em>\u2019\u0130stanbul 1996.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>ESENER Turhan<\/strong>, \u2018<em>\u0130\u015f Hukuku<\/em>\u2019, 3. Bas\u0131, Ankara 1978.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>NARMANLIO\u011eLU \u00dcnal<\/strong>, \u2018<em>\u0130\u015f Hukuku 2,Toplu \u0130\u015f \u0130li\u015fkileri\u2019<\/em>, \u0130zmir 2001.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>SOYER Polat<\/strong>, \u2018<em>Toplu S\u00f6zle\u015fme Hukukunda \u0130\u015f\u00e7iye Yararl\u0131l\u0131k \u0130lkesi\u2019<\/em>, Ankara 1991.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>SUR, MELDA:<\/strong> \u2018<em>\u0130\u015f Hukuku Toplu \u0130li\u015fkiler\u2019<\/em>, G\u00fcncellenmi\u015f 4. Bas\u0131, 2011 Ankara, Turhan Kitabevi.<\/li>\n \t<li><strong>TUNCAY,\u00a0 A.\u00a0 CAN:<\/strong> \u2018<em>Toplu \u0130\u015f Hukuku<\/em>\u2019, 2. Bas\u0131, A\u011fustos \u2013 2010 \u0130stanbul, Beta.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[1]\u00a0 <strong>TUNCAY<\/strong>, A. CAN; \u2018<em>Toplu \u0130\u015f Hukuku\u2019<\/em>, 2. Bas\u0131, \u0130stanbul 2010, Beta, s. 195.\n\n[2] <strong>RE\u0130SO\u011eLU<\/strong> Safa; \u2018<em>Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi Grev ve Lokavt Kanunu \u015eerhi\u2019<\/em>, Ankara 1986, s. 49.\n\n[3] <strong>TUNCAY<\/strong>, s. 195.\n\n[4] <strong>SUR,<\/strong> Melda; \u2018<em>\u0130\u015f Hukuku Toplu \u0130li\u015fkiler\u2019<\/em>, G\u00fcncellenmi\u015f 4. Bas\u0131, Ankara 2011 , Turhan Kitabevi, s. 240.\n\n[5] SUR,s.241.\n\n[10] <strong>\u00c7EL\u0130K <\/strong>Nuri; \u2018<em>\u0130\u015f Hukuku Dersleri<\/em>\u2019, \u0130stanbul 2011, s. 547.\n\n[11] <strong>TUNCAY<\/strong>, s. 196.\n\n[12] <strong>\u00c7EL\u0130K<\/strong>, s. 547.\n\n[13] <strong>SOYER<\/strong> Polat, \u2018<em>Toplu S\u00f6zle\u015fme Hukukunda \u0130\u015f\u00e7iye Yararl\u0131l\u0131k \u0130lkesi <\/em>\u2018,Ankara 1991, s. 17, <strong>EKMEK\u00c7\u0130<\/strong> \u00d6mer; \u2018<em>Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesiyle D\u00fczenleme Yetkisi\u2019<\/em>, \u0130stanbul 1996, s. 28.\n\n[14]<strong>\u00c7EL\u0130K<\/strong>; s. 547, <strong>TUNCAY<\/strong>; s. 197, <strong>NARMANLIO\u011eLU <\/strong>\u00dcnal; \u2018<em>\u0130\u015f Hukuku 2,Toplu \u0130\u015f \u0130li\u015fkileri\u2019<\/em>, \u0130zmir 2001, s. 311.\n\n[15]\u00a0 <strong>SUR,<\/strong> Melda; \u2018<em>\u0130\u015f Hukuku Toplu \u0130li\u015fkiler\u2019<\/em>, G\u00fcncellenmi\u015f 4. Bas\u0131, Ankara 2011 , Turhan Kitabevi, s. 301.\n\n[16] <strong>\u00c7EL\u0130K<\/strong>, s. 548.\n\n[17] Yarg. HGK, 21.2.1975, E.9-1040 K.227; Yarg.9.HD,20.4.1987, E.1987\/3816, K.1987\/3991\n\n[18] <strong>\u00c7EL\u0130K<\/strong>, s. 548.\n\n[19] <strong>TUNCAY,<\/strong> s. 198.\n\n[20] <strong>\u00c7EL\u0130K,<\/strong> s. 549.\n\n[21] <strong>\u015eAHLANAN <\/strong>Fevzi; \u2018Toplu \u0130\u015f S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019, \u0130stanbul 1999, s. 84, <strong>TUN\u00c7OMA\u011e\/CENTEL<\/strong>, s. 395, <strong>SUR<\/strong>, s. 302.\n\n[22] <strong>TUNCAY,<\/strong> s. 198.\n\n[23] <strong>\u00c7EL\u0130K,<\/strong> s. 549.\n\n[24] <strong>TUNCAY<\/strong>; s. 198, <strong>RE\u0130SO\u011eLU<\/strong>; s. 98, <strong>TUN\u00c7OMA\u011e\/CENTEL<\/strong>; s. 394, <strong>\u015eAHLANAN<\/strong>; s. 111-112,<strong>AKTAY\/ARICI\/SENYEN-KAPLAN<\/strong>, s. 465.\n\n[25] Yarg.9.HD,4.4.2201,2001\/5641 E. 2001\/5576 K.\n\n[26] <strong>\u00c7EL\u0130K<\/strong>; s. 550, <strong>SUR;<\/strong> s. 303.\n\n[27] <strong>TUNCAY<\/strong>; s. 198-199.\n\n[28] <strong>\u00c7EL\u0130K<\/strong>; s. 550, <strong>SOYER<\/strong>; s. 19.\n\n[29] <strong>EKMEK\u00c7\u0130; <\/strong>s. 99.\n\n[30] <strong>\u00c7EL\u0130K;<\/strong> s. 550.\n\n[31] <strong>SOYER<\/strong>; s. 67.\n\n[32] <strong>TUNCAY; <\/strong>s. 199.\n\n[33] <strong>SOYER;<\/strong> s. 69 vd, <strong>EKMEK\u00c7\u0130;<\/strong> s. 106, <strong>RE\u0130SO\u011eLU<\/strong>; s. 101, <strong>\u015eAHLANAN;<\/strong> s. 115.\n\n[34] <strong>SOYER<\/strong>; s. 74-75.\n\n[35] Yarg.9.HD, 20.12.1884, E.984\/11778 K. 984\/11829; Yarg.9.HD, 27.12.1984, E. 1984\/11868 K. 1984\/12106, 13.04.2012.\n\n[36] <strong>SOYER<\/strong>; s. 19.\n\n[37] <strong>\u00c7EL\u0130K<\/strong>; s. 551.\n\n[38] <strong>SOYER;<\/strong> s. 18, <strong>EKMEK\u00c7\u0130<\/strong>; s. 104.\n\n[39] <strong>\u00c7EL\u0130K; <\/strong>s. 66 vd, <strong>RE\u0130SO\u011eLU<\/strong>; s. 101 vd., <strong>SOYER;<\/strong> s. 67, <strong>EKMEK\u00c7\u0130;<\/strong> s. 106-107, <strong>AKTAY, A. N\u0130ZAMETT\u0130N \/ ARICI, KAD\u0130R \/ SENYEN-KAPLAN<\/strong>; s. 466, yararl\u0131l\u0131k kural\u0131n\u0131n yeni s\u00f6zle\u015fme kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda etkisini kaybedece\u011fi<strong>TUNCAY;<\/strong> s. 199-200.\n\n[40] <strong>TUNCAY;<\/strong> s. 200.\n\n[41] <strong>TUNCAY<\/strong>; s. 200, <strong>\u00c7EL\u0130K; <\/strong>s. 552.\n\n[42] <strong>\u00c7EL\u0130K<\/strong>; s. 552.\n\n[43] <strong>\u00c7EL\u0130K<\/strong>; s. 542.\n\n[44] <strong>\u00c7EL\u0130K<\/strong>; s. 552.\n\n[45] <strong>TUNCAY;<\/strong> s. 201.\n\n[46] <strong>\u00c7EL\u0130K;<\/strong> s. 553, <strong>ESENER<\/strong> Turhan, <em>\u2019\u0130\u015f Hukuku\u2019<\/em>, 3. Bas\u0131, Ankara 1978, s. 514.\n\n[47] <strong>ESENER<\/strong>; s. 514.\n\n[48] <strong>\u00c7EL\u0130K<\/strong>; s. 554, Ayn\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f; <strong>RE\u0130SO\u011eLU;<\/strong> s. 117. <strong>TUNCAY<\/strong>; s. 201 -202, <strong>\u015eAHLANAN<\/strong>; s. 91.\n\n[49] <strong>\u00c7EL\u0130K<\/strong>; s. 554; Aksi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f Yarg.9.HD, 1.2.2000, E.1999\/19079 K. 2000\/775, 13.04.2012\n\n[50] <strong>\u00c7EL\u0130K<\/strong>; s. 555.\n\n[51] <strong>TUNCAY<\/strong>; s. 202.\n\n[52] <strong>TUNCAY;<\/strong> s. 202, <strong>\u00c7EL\u0130K<\/strong>; s. 555, <strong>RE\u0130SO\u011eLU;<\/strong> s. 115.\n\n[53] Yarg.HGK, 21.2.1975, E.9-1040 K.227 ,13.04.2012\n\n[54] <strong>\u015eAHLANAN<\/strong>; s. 92-93<strong>, RE\u0130SO\u011eLU<\/strong>; s. 115, <strong>TUNCAY<\/strong>; s. 202, <strong>\u00c7EL\u0130K<\/strong>; s. 555.\n\n[55] <strong>\u00c7EL\u0130K;<\/strong> s. 555, <strong>TUNCAY;<\/strong> s. 202.\n\n[56] Yarg.HGK, 22.5.1985, e. 1984\/9-684 K\u00a0 13.04.2012\n\n[57] \u00c7EL\u0130K,s.557.\n\n[58] <strong>TUNCAY<\/strong>; s. 203, <strong>SUR<\/strong>; s. 292, <strong>\u00c7EL\u0130K;<\/strong> s. 556.\n\n[59] <strong>\u00c7EL\u0130K<\/strong>; s. 556.\n\n[60] <strong>\u00c7EL\u0130K<\/strong>; s. 557, <strong>SUR<\/strong>; s. 308.\n\n[61] <strong>SUR<\/strong>; s. 308.\n\n[62] <strong>\u00c7EL\u0130K<\/strong>; s. 557., <strong>SUR<\/strong>; s. 308-309, <strong>TUNCAY;<\/strong> s. 203.\n\n[63] <strong>TUNCAY<\/strong>; s. 203.\n\n[64] <strong>\u00c7EL\u0130K<\/strong>; s. 557.\n\n[65] <strong>SUR<\/strong>; s. 309.\n\n[66]Yarg.9.HD.,7.3.1995,E.36398,K.4764;Yarg.9.HD.,31.3.1989,E.1524,K.1965;Yarg.9.HD.,27.3.1985,E.2859,K.3284; Yarg.9.,13.4.1984,E.3415,K.4248, 13.04.2012\n\n[67] <strong>TUNCAY<\/strong>; s. 204, ayn\u0131 y\u00f6nde <strong>\u00c7EL\u0130K; <\/strong>s. 558.","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"G\u0130R\u0130\u015e Toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi d\u00fczeninin esaslar\u0131 ilk kez 275 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 1963 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmesiyle ortaya konmu\u015ftur. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131n konusunu olu\u015fturan toplu i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin h\u00fck\u00fcmleri ise\u00a0 2822 Say\u0131l\u0131 Toplu S\u00f6zle\u015fme Grev ve Lokavt Kanunu\u2019nun 6.maddesinde h\u00fckme ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmamda ilk \u00f6nce toplu&#8230;","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4832,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2778","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-is-hukuku"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.3 - 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