{"id":5289,"date":"2018-03-26T11:27:56","date_gmt":"2018-03-26T08:27:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.celikavukatlik.com.tr\/?p=5289"},"modified":"2018-03-26T11:27:56","modified_gmt":"2018-03-26T08:27:56","slug":"dava-nasil-acilir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/celikavukatlik.com\/tr\/dava-nasil-acilir\/","title":{"rendered":"Dava Nas\u0131l A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dava Nedir?<\/b><\/h3>\nDava, hukuksal bir sonu\u00e7 elde etme maksad\u0131 ile bir h\u00fck\u00fcm sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in yarg\u0131 organ\u0131na ba\u015fvurma anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. T\u00fcrk hukukunda ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filer dava a\u00e7mak ehliyetini haizdirler.<\/span>\n

Dava Nas\u0131l A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r?<\/b><\/h2>\nDavalar, tabi olduklar\u0131 yarg\u0131 koluna g\u00f6re hukuk davalar\u0131, ceza davalar\u0131 ve idari davalar olmak \u00fczere \u00fc\u00e7e ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Hukuk davalar\u0131, usul\u00fcne uygun haz\u0131rlanan dilek\u00e7e ile birlikte yetkili ve g\u00f6revli hukuk mahkemesine ba\u015fvurmak suretiyle a\u00e7\u0131lmaktad\u0131rlar. Ceza davalar\u0131 ise kamu d\u00fczenine ili\u015fkin olduklar\u0131ndan Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131s\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu anlamda ceza davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren olaya ili\u015fkin olarak dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00a0ma\u011fdur veya ilgili ki\u015filerin Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na veya adli kolluk birimlerine su\u00e7 te\u015fkil eden olaya ili\u015fkin \u015fikayetlerini iletmeleri yeterlidir. Fakat her su\u00e7 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u015fikayet dava \u015fart\u0131 aranmamaktad\u0131r. Bu anlamda Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 esasen, g\u00f6revi esnas\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ceza davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren di\u011fer t\u00fcm olaylarla ilgili olarak kamu davas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7maya da yetkilidir. Bu anlamda Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131s\u0131 su\u00e7 te\u015fkil eden olaya ili\u015fkin olarak t\u00fcm bilgi ve belgeleri re\u2019sen toplamak suretiyle iddianame haz\u0131rlar.<\/span>\n

Dava A\u00e7mak \u00dccretli midir?<\/b><\/h3>\nKural olarak ceza davalar\u0131 kamu d\u00fczeni ile do\u011frudan ili\u015fkili olduklar\u0131ndan ve Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131s\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dava konusu su\u00e7 ile ilgili olarak \u015fikayet\u00e7i olsun yada olmas\u0131n ma\u011fdur yada ilgililer aleyhine herhangi bir \u00fccret s\u00f6z konusu olamaz. Di\u011fer davalar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan dava a\u00e7arken yarg\u0131lama harc\u0131 ve gider avans\u0131 olmak \u00fczere \u00f6denmesi gereken baz\u0131 \u00fccretler s\u00f6z konusu olmaktad\u0131r. Yarg\u0131lama harc\u0131 ve gider avans\u0131 \u00f6denmesi gereken bir dava s\u00f6z konusu \u00fccret yat\u0131r\u0131lmaz ise reddolunur. Fakat yarg\u0131lama harc\u0131 her dava bak\u0131m\u0131ndan aranmamaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin bo\u015fanma davalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131rken yarg\u0131lama harc\u0131 \u00f6denmesi gerekmemektedir.<\/span>\n

Dava Har\u00e7lar\u0131 Nas\u0131l Belirlenir?<\/b><\/h3>\nDava har\u00e7lar\u0131, Har\u00e7lar Kanunu uyar\u0131nca belirlenmektedir. 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda Har\u00e7lar Kanunu uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermek maksad\u0131yla \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131la g\u00fcncel y\u00f6netmelik g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde, nispi har\u00e7lar 35,90 T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131ndan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 olamayacakt\u0131r. Nispi harca tabi davalarda, genellikle dava de\u011ferinin binde 68.31\u2019i har\u00e7 olarak \u00f6denmektedir. \u00a0Di\u011fer dava ve i\u015flerde \u00f6denecek har\u00e7lar yine y\u00f6netmelik ile tespit edilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6rne\u011fin; 2018 y\u0131l\u0131 itibariyle yap\u0131lacak temyiz, itiraz ve istinaf ba\u015fvurular\u0131nda \u00f6denecek olan har\u00e7 miktar\u0131 176.60 T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131 olarak tespit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/span>\n

Dava Nerede A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r?<\/b><\/h2>\nDavan\u0131n nerede a\u00e7\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle hangi yarg\u0131 koluna tabi bir uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k oldu\u011funun tespit edilmesi gerekmektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 x kamu kurumu taraf\u0131ndan i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan bir kamu g\u00f6revlisi kural olarak idari yarg\u0131 yerinde dava a\u00e7mal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu anlamda i\u015fbu dava bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u0130dare Mahkemeleri yetkili olacakt\u0131r. Bir ba\u015fka \u00f6rnekte y firmas\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ki\u015fi haks\u0131z yere i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda veya maa\u015flar\u0131 \u00f6denmedi\u011finde i\u015fbu halde davas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7mas\u0131 gereken yer \u0130\u015f Mahkemeleri olacakt\u0131r. Bu anlamda \u00f6ncelikle davaya konu uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n hangi yarg\u0131 koluna tabi olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tespiti elzemdir. Zira davalar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan g\u00f6rev, kamu d\u00fczeninden oldu\u011fundan yarg\u0131laman\u0131n her a\u015famas\u0131nda mahkemece bu husus re\u2019sen g\u00f6zetilir ve dava reddolunur. Bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli hususta hani yer mahkemesinin yetkili mahkeme olaca\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Bu hususta hukuk davalar\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu\u2019 nda tespit edilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6rne\u011fin haks\u0131z fiilden do\u011fan tazminat talepleri haks\u0131z fiilin vuku buldu\u011fu yer mahkemesinde a\u00e7\u0131labilir. Ceza davalar\u0131\u2019 nda yetkili mahkemenin tespiti hususunda Ceza Muhakemesi Kanunu g\u00f6zetilir. Bu anlamda genel yetkili mahkeme ise su\u00e7un i\u015flendi\u011fi yer mahkemesi olarak tespit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/span>\n

Dava Ne Kadar S\u00fcrer?<\/b><\/h3>\nA\u00e7\u0131lan bir davan\u0131n ne kadar s\u00fcrece\u011fi hususu esasen davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 mahkeme ve adliyenin i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fc ile do\u011fru orant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r. Uygulamada, bilhassa b\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehirlerde mahkemelerin yo\u011funlu\u011fu g\u00f6zetildi\u011finde davalar\u0131n a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da Adalet Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen hedef s\u00fcreleri b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 yani daha uzun s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6zlemlenmektedir.<\/span>\n\nAsliye Ticaret Mahkemesi: 231 g\u00fcn<\/span>\n\nAsliye Hukuk Mahkemesi : 278 \u00a0g\u00fcn<\/span>\n\n\u0130\u015f Mahkemesi \u00a0Mahkemesi: 417 g\u00fcn<\/span>\n\n\u0130cra Hukuk \u00a0Mahkemesi: 97 g\u00fcn<\/span>\n\nSulh Hukuk \u00a0Mahkemesi: 91 g\u00fcn<\/span>\n\nAile Hukuk Mahkemesi: 147 \u00a0g\u00fcn<\/span>\n\nKadastro Mahkemesi: 586 \u00a0g\u00fcn<\/span>\n\nT\u00fcketici Mahkemesi: 250 \u00a0g\u00fcn<\/span>\n\nFikri ve S\u0131nai Haklar Mahkemesi: 377 g\u00fcn<\/span>\n

Dava A\u00e7mak \u0130\u00e7in Avukat Tutmak Zorunlu mudur?<\/b><\/h2>\nDava a\u00e7mak bak\u0131m\u0131ndan avukat tutmak esasen yasal anlamda zorunlu de\u011fildir. Fakat davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, davaya ili\u015fkin i\u015f ve i\u015flemlerin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ve bilhassa davan\u0131n muteberli\u011fini sa\u011flayan s\u00fcrelerin takibi konusunda uzman bir avukat\u0131n hukuki deste\u011fini alman\u0131z olas\u0131 bir ma\u011fduriyet ya\u015famaman\u0131z ve herhangi bir hak kayb\u0131na u\u011framaman\u0131z bak\u0131m\u0131ndan elzemdir.<\/span>\n

Dava A\u00e7mak \u0130\u00e7in Yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m Masraflar\u0131 Geri Alabilir miyim?<\/b><\/h3>\nDava sonucunda kural olarak, davan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ve dava ile ilgili olarak yap\u0131lan t\u00fcm masraflar yani yarg\u0131lama giderleri davay\u0131 kaybeden taraf yani aleyhine h\u00fck\u00fcm tesis edilen tarafa y\u00fckletilir. Bu anlamda dava a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z masraflar keza yarg\u0131lama harc\u0131 ve gider avans\u0131 gerekiyorsa bilirki\u015fi masraflar\u0131, dava ile ilgili yapm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011funuz di\u011fer t\u00fcm masraflar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131 taraftan talep edebilirsiniz. Fakat bu talep i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle mahkemece lehinize h\u00fck\u00fcm tesis edilmi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r ve bununla beraber s\u00f6z konusu giderler kar\u015f\u0131 taraf aleyhine y\u00fckletilmi\u015f olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span>\n

Dava Dilek\u00e7esinde Bulunmas\u0131 Gereken Unsurlar Nelerdir?<\/b><\/h3>\nHukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu 119. Maddesi uyar\u0131nca a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki hususlar bir dava dilek\u00e7esinde yer almak zorundad\u0131r.<\/span>\n
    \n \t
  • Mahkemenin ad\u0131,<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • Davac\u0131 ile daval\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131, soyad\u0131 ve adresleri,<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • Davac\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti kimlik numaras\u0131,<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • Varsa taraflar\u0131n kanuni temsilcilerinin ve davac\u0131 vekilinin ad\u0131, soyad\u0131 ve adresleri,<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • Davan\u0131n konusu ve mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 haklar\u0131na ili\u015fkin davalarda, dava konusunun de\u011feri,<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • Davac\u0131n\u0131n iddias\u0131n\u0131n dayana\u011f\u0131 olan b\u00fct\u00fcn vak\u0131alar\u0131n s\u0131ra numaras\u0131 alt\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k \u00f6zetleri,<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • \u0130ddia edilen her bir vak\u0131an\u0131n hangi delillerle ispat edilece\u011fi,<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • Dayan\u0131lan hukuki sebepler,<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • A\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde talep sonucu,<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • Davac\u0131n\u0131n, varsa kanuni temsilcisinin veya vekilinin imzas\u0131 yer almal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u0130dari Dava Nas\u0131l A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r?<\/b><\/h3>\n\u0130dari davalar, idarenin eylem ve i\u015flemlerine kar\u015f\u0131 ve\/veya kamu g\u00f6revlisinin g\u00f6revi ile ilgili eylem ve i\u015flerine kar\u015f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu anlamda idari davalar yolu ile idarenin tesis etti\u011fi eylem ve i\u015flemlerin hukuku uygun olup olmad\u0131klar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilir. \u0130dari davalar, idare mahkemeleri, vergi mahkemeleri ve Dan\u0131\u015ftay\u2019da a\u00e7\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Baz\u0131 davalar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ilk derece mahkemesi olarak Dan\u0131\u015ftay Mahkemesi di\u011fer davalar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ise temyiz merci olarak Dan\u0131\u015ftay\u2019a ba\u015fvurulmaktad\u0131r.<\/span>\n

    Ticari Dava Nas\u0131l A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r?<\/b><\/h3>\nTicari davalar, T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu\u2019 nda d\u00fczenlenen hususlardan ve tacirler aras\u0131ndaki ihtilaflardan do\u011fmaktad\u0131r. Dava, Asliye Ticaret Mahkemesi\u2019ne verilecek usule uygun haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f dilek\u00e7e a\u00e7\u0131labilir.<\/span>\n

    Kar\u015f\u0131 Dava Nas\u0131l A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r?<\/b><\/h3>\nKar\u015f\u0131 dava, a\u00e7\u0131lan ve size y\u00f6neltilmi\u015f bir davada yazaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z cevap dilek\u00e7esi ile birlikte a\u00e7\u0131labilir. Bu husus hakk\u0131nda detayl\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in kar\u015f\u0131 dava nedir konulu yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 okuman\u0131z\u0131 tavsiye ederiz.<\/span>\n

    Tazminat Davas\u0131 Nas\u0131l A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r?<\/b><\/h3>\nTazminat davas\u0131; maddi veya manevi tazminat talepleriyle a\u00e7\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Maddi tazminat davas\u0131 esasen ki\u015finin u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 somut ve maddi zararlar\u0131 ifade etmektedir. Manevi tazminat davas\u0131nda ise, ki\u015filik haklar\u0131 ihlal edilen ki\u015finin bu nedenle u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 elem, zarar, \u00f6fke ve benzeri haller dolay\u0131s\u0131yla u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 manevi zararlar talep edilmektedir. Detayl\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in tazminat davalar\u0131 konulu yaz\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 okuman\u0131z\u0131 tavsiye ederiz.<\/span>\n

    Bo\u015fanma Davas\u0131 Nas\u0131l A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r?<\/b><\/h3>\nBo\u015fanma davas\u0131 bo\u015fanmak isteyen e\u015fin bo\u015fanma sebebini ve bu sebebin vuku buldu\u011funa ili\u015fkin iddialar\u0131n\u0131 beyan etti\u011fi \u00a0bir dilek\u00e7e ile Aile Mahkemesi\u2019ne ba\u015fvurmas\u0131 suretiyle a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span>\n

    \u0130\u015f Davas\u0131 Nas\u0131l A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r?<\/b><\/h3>\n\u0130\u015f Mahkemeleri i\u015f\u00e7i-i\u015fveren aras\u0131ndaki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131klara bakmakla g\u00f6revlendirilerek kurulu\u015f olan \u00f6zel ihtisas mahkemelerindendir. \u0130\u015f Mahkemeleri kurulmadan \u00f6nce i\u015f\u00e7i ve i\u015fveren aras\u0131ndaki ihtilaflardan kaynaklanan davalar Asliye Hukuk Mahkemelerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmekteydi. \u0130\u015f Mahkemeleri\u2019 nin kurulmas\u0131n\u0131 takiben \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019 ndan do\u011fan davalar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan g\u00f6revli mahkeme \u0130\u015f Mahkemesi olmu\u015ftur fakat \u0130\u015f Mahkemelerinin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yerde i\u015f davalar\u0131na bakmakla g\u00f6revli Asliye Hukuk Mahkemeleri g\u00f6revli k\u0131l\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130\u015f Mahkemeleri\u2019 nde dava i\u015f\u00e7i ve i\u015fveren aras\u0131nda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclemeyen ihtilaflar yahut \u0130\u015f Kanunu\u2019 ndan kaynakl\u0131 hak ve taleplere ili\u015fkin olarak a\u00e7\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin i\u015f\u00e7inin \u00f6denmeyen maa\u015flar\u0131na ili\u015fkin talepleri, k\u0131dem tazminat\u0131n ili\u015fkin alacaklar\u0131, i\u015f s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin i\u015f\u00e7i veya i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan sebepsiz veyahut ge\u00e7ersiz bir sebebe istinaden fesih edilmesi durumunda i\u015fe iade davas\u0131 yada haks\u0131z fesihe ili\u015fkin tazminat talepleri, s\u00fcrelere uyulmamas\u0131 durumunda ihbar tazminat\u0131 talepleri ve benzeri sair bir\u00e7ok hak ve talep davac\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7i ve\/veya i\u015fveren taraf\u0131ndan \u0130\u015f Mahkemeleri\u2019 nde ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir.<\/span>\n\n
    \n\nHUKUK\u0130 S\u00d6ZL\u00dcK\n\n<\/b>\n\nOrtak \u00e7ocuk :<\/strong> Ayn\u0131 anne ve babadan olan \u00e7ocuk<\/span>\n\n\u0130lliyet ba\u011f :<\/strong> Neden , sonu\u00e7 ili\u015fkisini ifade etmektedir.<\/span>\n\nKusur:<\/strong> Ho\u015f kar\u015f\u0131lanmayacak davran\u0131\u015f anlam\u0131na gelmektedir.<\/span>\n\nTan\u0131k :<\/strong> Dava konusu olay<\/span>\n\n\u0130\u015f\u00e7i :<\/strong> \u0130\u015f kanunu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine veya bas\u0131n i\u015f kanunu h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine tabi \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ki\u015fi<\/span>\n\nManevi zarar :<\/strong> Ki\u015filik haklar\u0131n\u0131n ihlali nedeni ile meydana gelen zarard\u0131r.<\/span>\n\nHak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc s\u00fcre :<\/strong> Mahkemeler taraf\u0131ndan resen dikkate al\u0131n\u0131r ve a\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde talep resen reddolunur.<\/span>\n\nK\u0131dem :<\/strong> \u0130\u015f yerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresi<\/span>\n\nAlt i\u015fveren :<\/strong> Bir i\u015fte veya bir i\u015fin b\u00f6l\u00fcm veya eklentilerinde i\u015fverenden i\u015f alan ve kendi ad\u0131na sigortal\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ki\u015fiye arac\u0131 denir. Ancak, uygulama ve doktrinde as\u0131l i\u015fverenle olan ili\u015fkiyi belirginle\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla yasan\u0131n \u201carac\u0131\u201d olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ki\u015fiye \u201calt i\u015fveren\u201d ad\u0131 verilmektedir.<\/span>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Dava Nedir? Dava, hukuksal bir sonu\u00e7 elde etme maksad\u0131 ile bir h\u00fck\u00fcm sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in yarg\u0131 organ\u0131na ba\u015fvurma anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. T\u00fcrk hukukunda ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filer dava a\u00e7mak ehliyetini haizdirler. Dava Nas\u0131l A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r? Davalar, tabi olduklar\u0131 yarg\u0131 koluna g\u00f6re hukuk davalar\u0131,…","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5291,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5289","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hukuki-makaleler"],"yoast_head":"\nDava Nas\u0131l A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r? - \u00c7elik Avukatl\u0131k<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Dava Nedir? Dava, hukuksal bir sonu\u00e7 elde etme maksad\u0131 ile bir h\u00fck\u00fcm sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in yarg\u0131 organ\u0131na ba\u015fvurma anlam\u0131na gelmektedir. 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